Boxing, Sports High Risk | boxing article

Boxing, Sports High Risk

Almost all sports have a high risk of injury, but the sport that directly makes contact with the body or limb as a target for a victory is a sport that graze on lifelong disability or even death.

One of the harsh high-risk sports are boxing. Sports are much favored by women because it showed the muscle - the muscle and virility of a man ... wooooowww ... I also like tuh, especially macho boxers like Mike Tyson or Holyfield .. hi .. hi ... But behind all the fame and robustness muscle - the muscle is already how many boxers have to end the period - his prime because of injury. So many blows gets facial and head of the boxers are made on the day - the day turned out to be hanging his fist glove treatment for the disease. Call it the legendary boxer Muhammad Ali, who suffered from Parkinson's disease.

One boxer who lost his life after winning the match Choi Yo-sam is a professional boxer from Korea. Dironde of the 12th, Choi hit the opponent right staright dirahangnya. As a result of the hit Choi collapsed and fainted. After undergoing treatment for a week, Choi finally breathed his last. Although Choi was dead but still want to do good by donating the liver, kidneys and corneas to six people in need. CHOI bung farewell ...

World sport boxing is tough, even when using protection in some parts of the body are vital but a blow, collision on the part - a vital part of it can cause side effects that may endanger the lives ... maybe not today .. but it could be that old age ... it felt.

Rather than scare - scare loh ... but if you want to cultivate the sport of boxing, you still have to pay attention and provide protection to the body part that has always been an easy target (the head). Meaning .. do not get hit right straight punch .. .. straight left.

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Tips for Do Javelin Sport

This type of exercise is very dangerous, so attentive to safety. Included in the school environment, as indicated on the Home School Athletic Association's Handbook Rules diperhatikan.Lembing security should be made of metal used for the son weighs 800 grams with a length of 2.70 m, while the Princess weighs 600 grams with a length of 2.30 m.
Technique in the javelin. 
The first, namely:

How to Hold

Javelin is held on the handle is bound with rope 20cm long, with the little finger nearest to the end of the javelin, while the thumb and index finger or your index and middle fingers held tightly grip the rope-shaped bulge. The handle must be strong and the other fingers hold the javelin in the palm of his hand. The palm of the hand should remain face up during the throwing motion.

The throw from standing position

Notice the elbow should be as close as possible to have not thrown the javelin for the javelin. Javelin is held by the straight behind the head. Hands should be higher than the shoulders. Javelin in a state parallel to the arm. Distance both feet about two feet (60 cm) with a toe that can face toward the throw. Back slightly to the rear. Pitch movement begins with a round to the front of the right hip (for the throw with the right hand). continued movement forward on the shoulders follow. Once the shoulder moves, the arm must throw as soon as possible with his elbow remains high and as close to the pike.

Throw with a run of three or five steps

How to run starts with both feet together, facing the direction of the throw, the javelin is being held with the right hand and arm straight backward. Run starts with the left leg with the foot landing on the heel end of the sole of the foot. To note recent movement on the right foot steps when going to throw. Right foot moves forward, knees lifted higher and the body slightly leaning backwards. Foot landed on its tip. Much depends on the speed of the throw her arm when removing the javelin.

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Mastery of sprint technique

In the mastery of the sprint technique factors that are very supportive for tecapainya good mastery of technique. JL Peter Thomson (1993: 68) there are 5 (five) basic biomotor ability is freshness elements or components of fitness are strength, dayatahan, speed, flexibility, and coordination.


a. Strength.


Is the ability of agencies in using resources. Strength can be divided into three types or forms, namely:


1. maximum strength, which is the largest power or power generated by muscle contraction. Maximum Strength does not require just how fast a movement carried out or how long it can continue the movement


2.Elastic strength, that strength is required and a muscle to move quickly against a detainee. The combination of speed of contraction and speed of movement is sometimes referred to as "power = power". This power is very important for eksplosip events in running, jumping, and throwing.


3. Endurance strength, namely the muscles ability to continually use the power in the face of increasing fatigue. Strength endurance is a combination of strength and duration of movement.


b. Resistance.


Durability refers to the ability to do work that determined the intensity within a certain time. The main factor that limits and at the same time end the achievement is fatigue. An athlete is said to have dayatahan if not tire easily or be able to continue moving in a state of exhaustion. Durability, of all abilities biomotor must be developed first. Without dayatahan is difficult to hold a repetition of the type or the other kind of exercise enough to develop other biomotor components. There are two kinds of endurance type, that is; dayatahan dayatahan aerobic and anaerobic. Dayatahan namely aerobic muscle work and muscle movements are carried out using oxygen to release energy from muscle materials. Dayatahan aerobic must be developed before dayatahan anaerobic. While dayatahan namely anaerobic muscle work and muscle movement by using the energy already stored within the muscle. Anaerobic Dayatahan divided into two, namely anaerobic lactic and anaerobic alaktik.

c. speed.
Is the ability to barjalan or move very quickly. Sprint running speed of the original with respect to natural kemamapuan to achieve a very high acceleration run and to travel short distances within a very short.


d.
Flexibility. Namely the ability to perform the movement joints through a wide range of motion. Flexibility is limited or restrained is a common occurrence because of poor technique and low achievement. Ugly flexibility also hinder the speed and dayatahan because the muscles must work harder to overcome resistance towards kelangkah long.

e.Coordination. Namely the ability to perform movements with the appropriate level of difficulty and with full efficiency and accuracy. An athlete with good coordination skills are not only able to perform well, but also with a precise and can complete an exercise task.


In addition to physical factors described above, in the mastery of the sprint technique there are also other factors are no less important effect, namely psychological factors. As JL said Peter Thomson (1993: 134) psychology is as important for a trainer to help individuals (athletes) to develop how they think about their mental prowess, but also important to develop their physical dexterity. This clearly is a psychological aspect in training but it is also true that no part of the training / coaching that without the psychological aspect. As these psychological factors among which;

a.
 mental agility is very useful / important to the coaches and athletes. This mental agility is not only a means to avoid a disaster or recovering from injury but also the mental dexterity to play an important role in managing / organizing practice and exercise effectively so that everything goes well. Most athletes and coaches recognize that the physical development ssaja can not guarantee success in athletics. An athlete must have the right frame of mind. Psychological preparation is as important as conditioning exercises fissik. Setting up both of them together will create the best performance. This mental agility requires practical exercises in the same manner as in the physical skill / physical. With the skill / physical dexterity, some individuals will take / acquire mental agility more easily than others. With practice, everyone can improve their mental agility.

b.
Motivasi.Motivasi is a tendency to selectively market to behave in a certain direction, and this behavior will persist until the target behavior can be achieved. Basically motivassi is how great the desire of an individual to reach / achieve a goal. Every individual has the goals / targets that vary in their involvement in the world of athletics. The purpose / goal for example; seek excitement, memahirkan new skills, compete and win, new friends, and many more objectives / targets are always different from another in each individual. JL said to Peter Thomson (1993: 135) external pressure from coaches and parents are not likely to improve motivation in athletes in the long distance and may in fact be reduced. Own motivation and the filling is what makes a real success for the athletes, and not imposed by the ambitions of others. Coaches help athletes to understand what athletes want to achieve, goals, and how to achieve it.

c.
Emosi.Kontrol control emotion is a kemamapuan an athlete in control of feelings in the face of certain ituasi Uatu. According to Peter Thomson JL (1993, 136) kegelisaan means how much an individual is thrilled or prepared to deal with a particular situation. A sense of nervous always arise in any situation, even if the low level we can not notice it. Many feel this nervous ddigunakan incorrectly which means that only individual traits that show a very high level will kegelisaan. Kegelisaan Symptoms can appear in two forms, namely: Worry and physiological chemistry. Worry refers to thought or impression of what might happen in an event that will come, whereas physiological vibration is part of the preparation (natural) body for a race. Examples of physiological chemistry, including increased heart rate, out of sweat / perspiration and feeling wanted to relieve himself (big / small) to go back to the room small.

Mastery of sprint technique is very important to achieve maximal performance. According to Djoko P. Irianto (2002), techniques have a role in the race include: (1) As an efficient way to achieve performance, (2) Can prevent atu reduce the occurrence of injury, (3) as the capital to do tactics, (4) increase self-confidence. Sukadiyanto (2005) says, the technique right from the start than it will save energy for the motion so that they can work longer and work well also is also the basic foundation toward higher achievement. With the basic techniques that are not really going to accelerate the process of stagnation achievement, so that at certain times of achievement will be stagnation (fixed), but should have been able achieve higher performance.

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Stage prop / rear strut | sprint

Stage prop / rear strut

The amount of horizontal impulse and encouragement are marked. Old penyanggaan was brief. Angle drive as close to horizontal. There is an elastic extension of the leg joints, knees and hips. Supporting the linear arm swing motion by an effective force of the elbow in a backward swing, and swing her legs intensify the drive and determine how effective the center of mass of the body charged by the transverse movement of the expansion drive. Togok body facing kedepan.Keriteria to penyanggaan stages are:
1. short time of period prop / prop overall

2. a significant acceleration impulse at the back of the stage prop

3. an optimum time of the acceleration impulse at the stage prop / prop back

4.almost no braking power / resistance at the level of protest.

The purpose and function of this phase are as re-acceleration phase, a buffer for a short time, and as preparation and development of a horizontal drive fast. This phase has the properties or marks, namely:

1.Placing the foot of an active, disusl the alignment of joints: feet, knees, hips.

2. Using muscle and plantar-flexor muscles emua straightening leg girdle.

3. Body straight line and leaning forward with the passage of approximately 85 degrees.

4. Use of the active arm of a bent approximately 90 degrees in the opposite direction from the direction of the race.

5.Elbow lead arm movements

6. The muscles of the head, neck, shoulders and body in a state rilex.

7. Initial stage lifted knee swing footwork.

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Stage prop / prop forward | sprint

Phase amortization. Recovery from landing pressure is on hold. There are tools lawyer early-inactivity the muscles are available within that begins in the previous stage. The idea was to avoid the effect of braking / obstacles that are too large to create a long period of stage prop / prop mungkin.Tahap short as it has a purpose and function as the main working phase amortization phase. Controlling the pressure of the foot landing by the quadriceps muscles are activated earlier and leg muscles move aims to make ssuatu explossif extend the previous step. This stage has Sifa or sign as follows:
1. Active movement of the outer claw feet with the fingers up.

2.Reach active fore should not add to long-step is not fair, but permitted the waist (central gravitassi body) runs quickly corrected feet above the point.

3. Avoid a power inhibiting excessive.

4.Contact time in front tine must esingkat possible.

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Forward swing phase | sprint

Stage knee lift. This phase stride length and encouragement contributed waist. Preparation effectively with ground contacts. Knee angle raised about 150 below the horizontal. Backward movement of the lower leg up to scratch sutau active movement of feet above the base joints of the toes of the foot preformance in the supine position. Foot speed is achieved by moving downward / backward as an indicator of active planting of the results in a rapid rise of power components and functions vertikal.Tujuan this stage is that the knee is removed, the length is responsible for effective measures, in connection with the intensive arm swing . Go ahead and guarantee a horizontal waist travel lane. Preparations for the landing ith a clawing motion and as little as possible obstacles in front tine stage. This phase has the properties or signs, namely:
1. Force thigh / knee horizontally almost horizontal, set foot on the contrary as the most important prerequisite of a step-fast and optimal length.

2. Knee lift motion is assisted by the use of intensive arm diametrically opposite.

3. Lifted above the elbow and back.

4. In continuation with the next swing of the leg because rilex thigh actively streamlining, with the intention to start clawing motion of the active leg.

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Key Characteristics and Recovery Phase | sprint

The key characteristics to note are:

1. rear foot moves first. The pattern shows the power that power is very high peak power imposed starting-point of motion acceleration of center of gravity athletes rapidly declining.

2. Application of the strength of the front leg starts a little slow motion acceleration that enables point-center of gravity to continue after the drive back legs disappeared, and lasted a longer time. In fact, the strength of the power used by the foot-front about double the power-rear leg.

Recovery phase (recovery)
Knee flexor muscles of the buttocks with a raised heel forward bending (flexio) forward simultaneously from thigh muscles. Lower leg remains bent tightly against the thigh parse inertia moment. Knees are prepared to lead a relaxed swing to the front of the lower leg in the next step scratch. Active knee push lever mennyangga short of leg swing. Optimal angular velocity at the thigh swings forward to help ensure a high frequency step away.

The purpose and function of this phase is to push off the foot in contact with soil. Foot rilex, active swing into making the steps above knee leg as a stage prop and force preparation continued and knee. The characteristics tangda atu-sign this stage are:

1.Rilex swing back legs that are not propped up near the heel panta. The pendulum is shorter as a result of high speed corners which allows a quick step.

2. Force heel because the active encouragement of the knee, and should display the total relaxation of all muscles involved.

3. Horizontally travel hips maintained as a result of the movement described

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A Phase at Sprint Competition

Another sprint race followed the same basic pattern, but the length and importance of the relative phase varies. In the aspect of biomechanics running speed is determined by stride length and step frequency (number of steps in the per unit time). To be able to outrun an athlete must increase one or both of them. Optimal relationship between stride length and step frequency stages varies for different competitions. In the sprint, there are several stages namely:
1. Start

According to the IAAF (2001, 6) a good start is marked with the following characteristics;

a. Full concentration and remove all interference from outside as in the position of the cue "ready"

b.Adopt an appropriate attitude in the position when the command "ready"

c. An impulse explosif by both feet on the start-block, the start point of the maximum

The technique used to start should ensure that the greatest possible power can be generated by the athletes as close to the optimum angle-start 450. after the fastest possible reaction should be followed by a motion (run) the acceleration of winds from the point-center of gravity and the first steps must lead to maximum likelihood.

There are three variations in the start-squat is determined by start-block placement relative to the start line: a. Start-short (bunch-start), b. Start-medium (medium-start), c. Start-long (elongated-start). Start the medium is generally recommended, ince it provides opportunities for athletes to apply resources in a longer time than the start-length (resulting in higher speed), but does not require much strength as in the start-short (bunch-start). An assessment of the start-squat technique can therefore begin with the start of medium. There are three parts in the movement start, namely:
a. The position of "willing"

In this position sprinter took the early attitude or position "bersediaaa", the quickest feet / agility placed on the surface of the tilted blocks at the front. Hands are placed behind the start line and support the body (see picture). Ditempatkanpada back foot behind the surface of the block, the eye could see land ahead, neck relaxed, head in line with the body
According to the IAAF (2001; 8) position of "ready" is of basic importance that an athlete receives a posstur in a position to start "ready" to ensure that an optimum angle of each foot to push it, an appropriate position from the center of gravity when the legs straightened out and the handle beginning of the muscles needed for a contraction of the muscles explosif kaki.Tanda major sign that a position is "ready" power is the optimum;
1. Balanced weight distribution

2. Axis hip higher than the shaft shoulder

3.Center of gravity forward

4. Knee angle 90 degrees on the front foot,

5. Knee angle 120 degrees on the back foot

6. straightened leg press start block

c. Position (on cue) "yes"

Legs and feet thrust in the start can be analyzed by using a board-pengalas dibangu power at the start block. When the feet hit the board on at the start, the impulse can be transmitted to and displayed on a dynamo-meter. The strength and duration of the impulse direction, also the timing of encouragement from each leg can be recorded.

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Technical sprint

Technique is very critical of the performance during a sprint race. Through the stages of the race demands of sprint technique as well as the activity of various muscles, their time pattern and metabolic activity of the athletes from the reaction stage until the transition phase the main objective is to develop the speed of a reticence on the spot.

The main objective is to maximize sprint speed horizontally, resulting from the drive body forward. Running speed is determined by the length and frequency-step-step. to be able to run fast an athlete must increase one or both of them. The purpose of sprints during the race-engineering is to deploy the optimum amount of power to the ground within a short time. A good technique is characterized by a decrease in braking power, effective arm arm, leg and body movements and a high-level coordination of whole body movement (IAAF, 1993; 22).
Run 100m sprint technique can be detailed into the following stages:

1. Phase reaction and encouragement

2. Stage run akelerasi

3.  Phase transition / change

4. Stage maximum speed

5.  Maintenance phase velocity

6. Finish

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the mean of sprint

Athletics is a competitive physical activity or can be pitted against on the basis of human motion, which is like walking, running, throwing, and jumping. Athletics as we know now, starting in place of the first modern Olympic held in Athens in 1896 and until the formation of the world body's international federation amateur athletik 1912. Athletics first introduced in Indonesia as the Netherlands Indies Athletick Unie (NIBU) July 12, 1917 and in its development formed an organization engaged in athletics with club Sprint name or sprint is one of a number of sports competitions in athletics. Sprint or run fast is a race where all participants run with maximum speed over the distance. Up to a distance of 400 meters is still classified in the sprint or sprint.
According to Arma Abdoellah (1981: 50) was basically running movement for all types of the same. Yet thus by differences mileage, so even very small there are also some differences in implementation. While the definition of the difference in numbers or distribution of distance running is running short distances (100-400 meters), medium run (800-1500 meters), running away (5000 meters or more). Short distance running or sprinting are all kinds running from start to finish ampai performed with maximum speed. Some of the factors that determine absolute good or bad in the sprint, there are three things that start, sprint movement, and finish.Penguasaan technique is the ability to understand or know of a specific series of movements or the movement of sports in solving the task of sports and could use the knowledge. Mastery of sprint technique is defined as the ability to know or understand the athlete in sprint technique and can use the sprint technique by technique good. Mastery influenced several two factors, namely:a.Knowledge
Menurut Jujun S. Suriasumantri (1993: 103) is essentially knowledge is all what we know about an object including science into it. Meanwhile, according to Sidi Gazalba in Proverbs Bakhtiar (2006: 85) knowledge is what we know or work out. Jobs knew it was the result of the familiar, conscious, aware, understand, and clever. Knowledge that is all the property or the contents of mind. Thus knowledge is a process of human effort to know
b. Applications
Applications technique is the application of the use of sprint technique performed by athletes in the race. In a race athletes will attempt to remove all the skills to achieve the best performance and maximum achievement. Every athlete has different abilities and different ways to implement or apply the technique sprint in the race. As the IAAF (1993: 115) ability to perform a perfect technique is not the same as an actor full of agility. Agile athlete who has good technique and consistently, and also know when and how to use the technique to produce good performance.

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